However, IPL research has found that Europeans care deeply about fairness in the EU asylum system, and that large majorities would support a plan to allocate asylum seekers in proportion to each countrys capacity, even if that meant their own country would receive more. EuroNews Trevor Noah has slammed the double-standard between how African and Middle Eastern refugees are treated when fleeing to Europe in comparison to Ukrainians who are currently fleeing their country due to the Russian invasion. Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. Its a continuation of the policy begun under the Trump administration known as Title 42, which essentially bans anyone from seeking asylum at the U.S. southern border under the pretext that concerns about the spread of Covid-19 mean they must immediately be deported. Many more Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being detained in Del Rio, Texas. KESHAVARZ: And I think one very dangerous thing that we're seeing is - and it bears asking the question - is, have journalists become so desensitized to the suffering of different peoples of color, specifically people that are in war zones, that we're no longer seeing on the same level playing field? Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. The injunction also only applies to families, so single adults can continue to be removed. For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. Work permits are a contested issue in the EU, since many native workers fear that the new labor force will steal jobs from them. record-high 65 million people have been displaced, one million people who crossed borders into the European Union, face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, European asylum system has effectively broken down, efined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stipulates, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Among those were27.1 million refugees, half under the age of 18 (21.3 million refugees under . They concluded that the six threat types explained the data better than one general threat factor or two factors (i.e. Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. Similarly, right-wing European officials used the recent sexual harassment scandal in Cologne to fuel cultural bias and collective punishment against all asylum seekers. The Century Foundation One of the many things that Russian President Vladimir Putin did not expect when he launched his gratuitously stupid invasion of Ukraine was international resolve. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation . show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents. Ibrahim. For instance, the culture the original Irish immigrants brought with them has evolved and mixed with the American culture. Many are living with so-called foster families and are being exploited . If you are among those who hate refugees, do you know why you feel this way? We need to demystify refugees cultural practices so they appear less threatening. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. The EU refused to activate the Temporary Protection Directive in 2015, incentivized other nations to thwart the flow of refugees, and neglected to discipline border patrol agents who violated the rights of asylum seekers. Notwithstanding, numerous other treaties - dealing with human rights, refugees, stateless people and the protection of political, civil and economic rights -indirectly afford protection for migrants; unfortunately, all too often, receiving countries flout these obligations. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. This absence of a commitment to a particular side may have reduced the reputational incentives to help affected refugees. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. Americans see Afghan and Ukrainian refugees very differently. The Refugee Act of 1980 amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, standardizing the process for admitting refugees into the United States. The Venezuelan crisis parallels the Zimbabwean exodus of the early 2000s. While a federal judge on Thursday blocked the Biden administration from enforcing Title 42 for migrant families, the administration still has 14 days to implement the court ruling, and in any case is appealing the decision. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. Laitin also offers insight into how European Union (EU) policy is supporting a surge of refugees that the United Nations has described as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II. By welcoming Ukrainian refugees and imposing economic sanctions on Russia, the EU has demonstrated its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and opposition to Russian aggression without direct military intervention. The Refugee Act is a federal immigration law that was adopted in 1980. Bulgarian Prime Minister Kiril Petkov recently drew a distinct line between the two groups, justifying differential treatment and fostering a sense of Ukrainian exceptionalism: Underscoring this justification is Islamophobia; Ukrainian refugees are primarily Christian, while refugees from Syria and North Africa are mostly Muslim. Given the risk of deportation, many also avoid the system altogether and work informally instead. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. (AP Photo/Bernat Armangue) Reporters have documented dehumanizing treatment against international students from Africa, South Asia and the Middle East in Ukraine. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. That convention requires the country that first registered an asylum seeker to administer the application and provide housing. For years, asylum seekers have navigated the asylum system by changing their sexual and national identities. the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. The Ukraine refugee crisis revealed deep-seated racism as racialized and Black refugees from Ukraine were treated differently. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50, A Psychological Diagnosis for People Who Lie About Everything. How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains, specify that asylum seekers can only be employed, to be recognized by the national labor system, many asylum seekers experience discrimination, perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system, 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy, argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. All rights reserved. In a strategic attempt to halt irregular migration while maintaining her principle of a generous domestic asylum policy, Merkel has facilitated an EU agreement with Turkey. While finding ways to address legitimate security and integration concerns, Europe could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds of young people in the Middle East by accepting more asylum seekers from the region into their societies. More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. In the past year, a record-high 65 million people have been displaced worldwide, including more than one million people who crossed borders into the European Union while thousands more died on the way. What does Turkey get in return for taking care of Europes deported lot? With the recent mass shooting in Germany, some people are again asking why anybody would hate refugees and aliens (i.e. That flow increased the worlds refugee population by about 9 million over the next decade, according to data from UNHRC, the United Nations Refugee Agency. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. As of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of . Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. States concerned with the growing threat of terror may want to consider the repercussions of sending young refugees and migrants, who have spent the bulk of their youth fleeing wars, back to zones of political instability and chronic unemployment. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. Why aren't all refugees treated like Ukrainian refugees? You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. The consequences are devastating, as reports of violence and insecurity in their countries of origin, along transit routes and in Mexico abound. That's why we want you to know that, when you visit our website, we use technologies like cookies to collect anonymized data so that we can better understand and serve our audience. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. deported back to their home countries, where they are at great risk of torture or prosecution. It took three. Laitin is the James T. Watkins IV and Elise V. Watkins Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences and is a faculty co-director of the Stanford Immigration Policy Lab, which designs and evaluates immigration and integration policies and programs. U.S. authorities are dedicating extra resources to pick up the rate of flights in order to remove them more quickly, saying six to eight flights a day will depart starting Tuesday. Arriving from the Middle East and Africa, non-Ukranian refugees are often otherized. Some refugee families say they aren't being treated the same as families fleeing from Ukraine. The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Refugee implies involuntary exodus, while migrant refers more to voluntary movement; therefore, the use of the latter undermines non-Ukrainian refugees requests for asylum. Shooting, detaining, torturing, and executing protestors, Assad forcefully crushed pro-democracy protests during the Arab Spring. Is it a vague feeling of hostility or does it stem from specific unpleasant experiences or future worries? [vi] Immigration policies are allegedly based on principles like "the reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills that are valuable to the U.S. economy, protecting refugees, and promoting diversity." This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. Broadly, what does your research reveal about the publics attitude toward refugees? As political scientist Lamis Abdelaaty describes, Europeans see Ukrainians as White and Christian, similar to the way that many in European countries see themselves. Eastern Europeans are especially welcoming of Ukrainians, with whom they share a sense of fraternity; many people move around within Eastern Europe, so nationalities expand beyond each nations borders. HIRING! So how can we reduce perceptions of different types of threats associated with refugees and immigrants? The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic refused to accept asylum seekers the EU attempted to relocate from Italy and Germany. But several EU countries have implemented labor restrictive measures to avoid this. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. Every threat type was correlated with unfavorable views of migration and refugees and with favoring more restrictive control of migration. In other words, the choice presented to the Lebanese people by . The EU had to support Ukrainewhich included a commitment to aiding Ukrainian refugeesor risk international condemnation; in contrast, it is more politically risky for the EU to commit to one side of the Syrian civil war (a perceived choice between a tyrannical government or jihadists). During the civil war, civilians were often purposefully caught in the crossfire between Assad and opposition forces; for example, in 2013, Assads forces waged chemical war against civilians, killing 1,400. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. Similarly, as many EU members have already acknowledged, it is neither fair nor sustainable to let Mediterranean frontier states such as Greece and Italy, already crumpling under financial debt, host the bulk of the incoming asylum seekers. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. Ukrainians enjoy more lenient entry requirements, refugee reception centers offering essentials, easier travel within the EU, and free public transportation and phone services. Refugee Health: From the Public Health Perspective. While we do not know the specific educational and skill profile of the now over 3 million Ukrainians who have fled, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries. But we need to remember that Europeans were impressively generous to the first wave of Syrian refugees, but as the numbers increased, attitudes quickly became exclusive. Businesses and civil society groups are busy developing training programs and job centers for asylum seekers to integrate into the system. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees, he explained to me over the phone earlier this week. Study 4 used a more representative sample, consisting of 111 women and 140 men (mean age of 50 years). A mass exodus of Ukrainians risks overwhelming resources in neighboring countries even as Europe pledges to aid refugees fleeing Russia's invasion. Help fund the NPR Illinois mission to inform the community by securing business sponsorships. This stark contrast epitomizes Europes unequitable treatment of different refugee populations, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy. LIMBONG: The Nigerian statehouse issued a statement today denouncing reports of Nigerians being denied entry to the Polish border. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. Ukrainian nationals are oftentimes allowed to board evacuation transportation ahead of foreign nationals, who also face more difficulties entering countries like Poland and acquiring suitable accommodations. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. The arrival of Afghan refugees, including some whose status is not materially different from asylum-seekers, proves this. Anna is from Denmark and can speak five languages. While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? Several studies suggest the increase of an active work force will benefit the EUs GDP. Please submit a letter to the editor. The Ukraine crisis may serve as a reminder that migration policy should be based on more careful collection of data. The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. But many European leaders nonetheless feel they are under pressure to minimize the number of asylum seekers within their own country. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. Furthermore, according to Hanne Beirens, Migration Policy Institute think tank director, the prioritization of Ukrainian refugees restricts the resources available to other refugees, such as housing and language courses; this inequality creates a two-tiered system of refugee integration. First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. Saif Khalid of Al Jazeera attributes this disparate language to primarily white media outlets that [lack] diversity and perspective and enforce racial stereotypes. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. Many refugees are coming from northern Africa and the Middle East, with roughly 50 percent of the population of Syria seeking refuge from war. Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. Many Central and Eastern Europeans are empathising with. Most are Ukrainians, but some are students . A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. The U.S. response to both crises should be guided by international law, our moral obligations and our history. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Copyright 2022 NPR. As the opposition fragmented into various factions, terrorist groups exploited the chaos, targeting both Assads forces and civilians. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. The 2014-15 refugees had no such rights. Does the Ukraine crisis reveal any other blind spots or systemic failures in migration policy and discourse? The Harbour Project charity said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. In 2012, at the onset of the current refugee crisis, I interviewed young Afghan and African asylum seekers in Denmark who expressed frustration with their confinement in asylum centers in remote areas, which they felt prevented them from integrating with their host community. Work permits alone do not guarantee refugees employment, though. Chancellor Angela Merkel is facing her biggest political crisis to date over this issue, with over 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. In the first of these investigations, they used a sample of 55 male and 121 female psychology students (average age of 32 years). And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. She previously worked as a Middle East Fellow at the Independent Diplomat Advisory Group and as an adviser at the Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the UN. U.S. intelligence agencies have assessed that. The Italian government has at times closed its ports to foreign boats carrying rescued migrants. Swiss Justice Minister Karin Keller-Sutter predicted that up to 50,000 people from Ukraine would arrive in the country before June to date, the highest number of war refugees to enter Switzerland in the 21st century. If you are an immigrant, particularly a recent refugee or asylum seeker, you may have already asked this question many times after having experienced prejudice, racism, and discrimination. By Muhammad Idrees Ahmad, a lecturer in digital. 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